某县级市蓄电池企业铅的职业危害调查

Investigation of Occupational Lead Hazard in a Battery Enterprise

目的了解某市蓄电池企业生产性铅污染对工人健康的影响。方法采用现场调查及实验室检测相结合的方法,对该市所属蓄电池生产企业铅作业情况进行调查。结果生产环境中大多数检测点的铅浓度超过国家卫生标准。其中,蓄电池制造车间铅烟最高浓度为1.8mg/m3,平均浓度为0.19mg/m3;铅尘最高浓度为3.4mg/m3,平均浓度为0.228mg/m3,最高超标倍数为67倍。2006年在岗职工定期健康检查中发现尿铅异常178人,检出率高达95.19%,其中铅吸收19人,达到轻度铅中毒尿铅水平158人,达到中度铅中毒尿铅水平1人。最高尿铅含量达13.04μmol/L,超过国家尿铅允许值(0.34μmol/L)38.35倍,红细胞和血红蛋白也有不同程度的降低。结论该市蓄电池生产行业的生产车间多数检测点铅烟、铅尘超标,职工定期健康检查尿铅异常明显,铅职业危害情况比较严重。

[ Objective ] To investigate the influence of occupational lead contamination on the workers＇health in a battery enterprise. [ Methods] Spot investigation combined with laboratory detection was applied to investigate lead contamination in a battery enterprise. [ Results] The lead concentration in most of the detected spots exceeded the national hygienic standard; the maximum concentration of lead fume in the battery workshop was 1.8 mg/m^3 , the average concentration was 0. 19 mg/m^3 ; the maximum concentration of lead dust was 3.4mg/m^3 , the average was 0. 228 mg/m^3 ; the maximum exceeding multiple was 67 times; 178 workers were detected with abnormal urine lead （ 95.19% ） , among which 19, 158 and 1 workers belonged to lead absorption, light lead poisoning and medium lead poisoning respectively; the highest lead concentration stood at 13.04 μ mol/L that exceeded the national standard （0.34 μmol/L） by 38.35 times; RBC and Hb also decreased to some extent. [ Conclusion]The lead concentration in most of the detected spots exceeded the national standard; the abnormal urine lead was obvious among the workers in the routine physical examination; occupational lead hazard is severe in his enterprise.