解构批评的洞见与盲区——从希利斯·米勒的《小说和重复》谈起

Fiction and Repetition:The Insight and Blindness of Deconstructionist Criticism

解构主义是当代中国理论批评领域里的一个热门话题。讨论它的成果可谓汗牛充栋。不过其中大多数成果都着眼于它的理论思想观念,很少涉及它的文学批评方法。本文借分析解构批评的一项代表性的成果《小说和重复》具体考察了解构批评方法的成败得失,指出解构批评在充分揭示文学作品的无限丰富复杂性和异质性的同时却完全忽略了它的统一有序性和同质性,既新颖深刻又极端褊狭。从文学话语的角度看问题,一部文学作品既有复杂多元的一面,亦有明晰一致的一面,两者相得益彰,不可偏废。

Deconstrnctionism is a hot topic among scholars of literary theories in China today. A large number of books and articles have been published concerning the study of deconstrnctionism, but the majority of these publications have centered on the discussion of its theoretical concepts rather than its critical methods. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of deconstructionist criticism, based on the analysis of Fiction and Repetition, a representative work of deconstrnctionist criticism by Hillis Miller, pointing out the narrow-mindedness as well as its profundity exhibited in its negligence of the unity and homogeneity of literature when it emphasizes the complexity and heterogeneity of literature.