人体CYP450孤儿酶功能特性的研究进展

Research advances in the functions and characteristics of human orphan P450 enzymes

近年来,人体中一些所谓的"孤儿酶"(orphan enzyme)在内源性物质和外源性物质代谢方面所起的作用越来越受到重视。这些P450孤儿酶的高特异性表达使其对免疫应答、代谢调节、某些信号传导通路和致癌物质活化以及某些代谢型遗传疾病的产生上都起着重要作用。本文从组织分布、可能的底物以及参与代谢调节等方面对近年来发现的一系列孤儿酶(P4502A7,2S1,2U1,2W1,3A43,4A22,4F11,4F22,4V2,4X1,4Z1,20A1和27C1)的研究进展进行了综述,旨在为药物代谢研究提供新的参考依据和研究思路。

Recently, more and more attention has been paid to a series of so-called orphan P450s in human en- dogenous and exogenous metabolism. Owning to their main high-specific expression, these orphan P450 enzymes play important roles in certain signal transduction, immune response, metabolic regulation, activation of carcinoge- nicity-ralated substance, and the mechanism of certain genetic diseases. This review summarizes recent under- standings about a series of human orphan P450 enzymes （ P450 2A7, 2S1,2U1,2W1,3A43, 4A22, 4F11, 4F22, 4V2, 4X1,4Z1,20A1 and 27C1） in several aspects including the expression sites, the distribution, possible meta- bolic substrates, and the regulation of metabolism. It would provide new perspectives in drug metabolism research.