大学教室颗粒物PM_(10)化学组分特性及源解析

Chemical composition and source apportionment of particulate matter(PM_(10)) in university classrooms

对位于长沙市中南大学教室空气中的可吸入颗粒物(PM10)进行3个月(2007年9～12月)的实时浓度监测与样本采集。颗粒物样本中的化学组分采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)进行分析,并利用主成分分析法(PCA)对教室颗粒物进行源解析研究。研究结果表明:大学教室空气中颗粒物污染十分严重,平均质量浓度高达(176.56±57.63)μg/m3,明显高于我国环境空气中颗粒物质量浓度标准;教室颗粒物中的主要化学组分含量均比室外的高,尤其是对人体健康危害较大的过渡金属元素更为显著;教室颗粒物的主要来源按贡献量由大至小排列依次为土壤扬尘、煤燃烧、垃圾焚烧、工业排放、交通尾气。源解析结果为控制与降低教室颗粒物污染提供了科学依据与策略。

The inhalable particulate matter （PM10） was continuously monitored and sampled in the classrooms of Central South University at Changsha by Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance 1400a （TEOM 1400a） from September to December, 2007. The chemical compositions of the PM10 samples were analyzed by the X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, and then the source apportionment of the classroom particles was investigated by the principal component analysis （PCA）. The results show that the mean PM10 concentration in classrooms is （176.56＋57.63） μg/m^3, which is much higher than the national PM10 standard. The concentrations of the main chemical compositions of the classroom PM10 are also higher than those outdoors. Five sources are identified by the source apportionment method and are respectively soil and dust, coal combustion, biomass burning, industrial emission, and vehicle exhaust. The present work provides a detailed understanding of the classroom particles and some scientific strategies for the pollution control so as to improve the air quality in university classrooms.