三维重建技术在腓肠肌皮瓣临床手术中的应用

Three-dimensional reconstruction technique in gastrocnemius flap surgery:initial clinical application

目的探讨腓肠肌皮瓣的三维重建技术在临床中的初步应用。方法2007年至2008年间,对需腓肠肌皮瓣创面修复的7例患者,术前注射造影剂后采用CT或MR扫描,应用Amira4.1软件对腓肠肌皮瓣结构进行三维重建,构建患者个性化皮瓣。根据患者创面缺损大小,进行个性化皮瓣三维构建,于患者小腿部后侧进行腓肠肌皮瓣的点、线、面描记,用以指导手术切取。结果三维重建患者个性化皮瓣7例,所重建个性化腓肠肌皮瓣,能够清晰显示血管、皮肤及其毗邻结构的三维关系。并根据术前创面缺损大小,对皮瓣进行精确设计。其中6例病人所显示的皮瓣主要穿支及主干,与术中检查相符;1例显示皮瓣主干血管,但穿支显示不清,术中探查穿支血管平均约0.5mm,最小穿支均小于0.3mm。术后7例皮瓣全部成活。结论通过血管造影下肢CT或MR扫描,采用数字化三维重建技术可以提供腓肠肌皮瓣的三维动态解剖,重建的肌皮瓣能够地准确标示术中切取范围,避免术中血管的副损伤,保证了皮瓣较好的存活率。

Objective To discuss the experience with three-dimensional reconstruction technique in initial clinical application in gastrocnemius muscle flap surgery. Methods From 2007 to 2008, 7 patients received gastrocnemius muscle flap surgeries to repair the wounds. Preoperative CT angiography or magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） was performed after injection of the contrast media for individualized three-dimensional gastrocnemius muscle flap reconstruction using Amira4.1 software. According to the size of the defect in the wound, individualized three-dimensional gastrocnemius muscle flap was designed and harvested from the posterior leg. Results Individualized three-dimensional reconstruction of the gastrocnemius flap was performed in 7 cases, and the reconstructed flaps clearly displayed the blood vessels, skin and the adjacent three-dimensional structures. In 6 cases the main perforating branched and trunk of the blood vessels in the designed flap were consistent with the surgical findings; in 1 case, the perforating branches failed to be clearly displayed in the designed flap, and surgical examination identified perforating branches with an average diameter of 0.5 mm （minimally 0.3 mm）. The flaps survived in all the 7 cases. Conclusions Three-dimensional reconstruction of the gastrocnemius flap based on the lower limb CT angiography or MR/allows three-dimensional observation of the anatomy of the flap and accurate marking of the extent of the flap to be harvested, therefore avoiding intraoperative injuries to the blood vessels to better survival of the flaps.