谈孔子“爱”的思想

Analysing the Confucius' Thoughts of Love

孔子的"爱"的思想有两个特征:一是博爱,二是有差等的爱。前者就其对象而言,后者就其程度而言。从其对象看:既是对人的爱又是对物的爱,其中对人类的爱涉及家庭、君臣、朋友之间。有差等的爱源于人类的爱自己和"同感"。孔子之"爱"与墨子之"爱"相比:前者强调爱有差等,后者强调爱无差等;前者比后者更符合人性,更具生活的艺术性;二者的精神实质是相同的。与基督教之"爱"相比:前者温和,后者极端;前者表面提倡爱有差等,实际主张博爱,后者表面主张博爱,实质却是爱有差等。

Confucius＇ thought of ＂love＂ have two characteristics： One is general charity, another is difference love .The former is for the object, the latter is for the degree.For object,it is both the love for people and the love for matter .The love for people deals with five human relationships which consist of family、the monarch and his subjects and friends.Different love is originated in the human＇s love oneself and ＂feeling＂.Comparing the Confucius＇love and the Mo-tse＇s love ,the former emphasizes love is difference,the latter emphasizes love is not difference; the former is more accord with human nature and have more the art of life than the latter;the spirit of both are same.Comparing the love of Christianity：the former is moderateness,the latter is extremeness;the former promote that love is difference ostensibly,in fact it is general charity;the latter promote that love is general charity ostensibly,in fact it is difference.