基于物流成本的装车地车流组织优化模型研究

Study on the Optimization of Car Flow Organization for Loading Area Based on Logistics Cost

从物流系统的角度建立费用优化目标体系研究装车地车流组织优化问题。针对装车地车流组织方式的划分引入三重0-1决策变量,深入解析装车地不同车流组织方式下铁路运输企业的车流组织费用以及发货方与收货方的库存成本;在装卸车能力与车流组织唯一性约束下,构建货物供需均衡连续情况下的基于物流成本的装车地车流组织非线性0-1整数规划模型。模型以实现铁路企业、发货方与收货方三者所构成的物流系统的成本最小化为目标,使装车地车流组织更加符合三方合作共赢的发展趋势;经过非线性约束的线性化处理获得装车地车流组织线性0-1整数规划模型,大幅度降低该问题的优化求解难度。最后,以胶济线黄岛装车站为例,利用优化软件模拟求解,得出较理想的车流组织方案,验证模型的合理性与有效性。

The car flow organization problem for loading areas is explored based on logistics system cost minimization. Inventory costs and car flow organization costs standing for the benefit of the suppliers, demanders and railway enterprise are analyzed respectively. Three 0-1 decision variables are put forward corresponding to three freight car flow organization styles, and a nonlinear 0-1 programming model on condition of certain demand is established with the constraints of car flow organization exclusivity and block capacity at loading stations. The proposed model which minimizes the costs of three partners suits the aim of maximizing the system benefit. And it is transformed to a linear programming model to reduce the solving difficulty in optimization. Finally, a numerical case based on the Huangdao Loading Station is given to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed model.