铁路动态票额共用策略研究

Research of Optimal Dynamic Railway Seats Share Strategy

把握票额共用策略中的共用方式和时机,是提高铁路运输能力利用率的有效手段。本文首先针对两个乘车站的情形,分析铁路售票组织特征,提出铁路动态票额共用策略优化问题并确定以铁路企业期望票价收益最大(也就是输送人公里数最大)为目标的最优动态票额共用策略,同时制订实用动态票额共用策略,相比之下实用策略更具有可操作性。进而提出了两个乘车站情形至多个乘车站情形的推广方法。铁路车站可据此确定不同预售时间、票额以及前方站的期望需求决定是否实施票额共用,为铁路车站间合理实施票额共用提供理论支持。

Effectually grasping the seats sharing mode and time is the effective means to improve the utilization rate of the railway transportation capacity. In this paper, through analyzing the organization characteristics of railway ticketing in the case that a passenger train has two boarding stations, the question of optimal dynamic railway seats share strategy was raised. The optimal dynamic seats share strategy is proposed with the objective to obtain the maximum expected passenger ticket sales income （namely, the maximum carried passenger kilometers） and the practical dynamic seats share strategy is also formulated. The practical strategy is easier to be implemented than the optimal strategy. Application extending from two boarding stations to multiple boarding stations is studied. Railway stations can make seats sharing decision according to the advance sale time, the residual tickets and the expecting demand of its anterior stations. Theoretical support is provided for rational seats sharing between and among railway stations.