铁道客车车体垂向弹性对运行平稳性的影响

Influence of Vertical Elasticity of Carbody of Railway Passenger Vehicles on Ride Quality

建立了包含结构阻尼的铁道车辆垂向刚柔耦合动力学模型。运用该模型,采用基于虚拟激励法的快速平稳性算法,研究铁道客车车体弹性对运行平稳性的影响。研究表明,当车体弹性低至一定数值时,将导致车体强烈振动。运行速度越高,对车体的刚性要求越高。运用本文方法,可以获得运行平稳性对车体垂向一阶弯曲频率的要求。在算例中,当车体的垂向一阶弯曲频率达到10 Hz以上时,车体弹性对平稳性的影响不大。研究还表明,当车体弹性较低时,提高车体结构阻尼和一系垂向阻尼系数,一定程度上可以抑制车体的弹性振动。

A vertical dynamic model of railway passenger vehicles is built, which covers effects of carbody flexibility and all vertical rigid modes. With this model and the fast calculation algorithm of ride quality of railway vehicles, the influence of earbody flexibility on ride quality is researched. The results show that when the carbody flexibility decreases to certain frequencies the carbody will vibrate greatly. The higher the running speed of the vehicle, the higher the carbody stiffness required. The proposed method can readily obtain the lowest vertical first-order bending frequency required by ride quality. The example of a fully equipped high speed passenger vehicle in this paper shows that when the first order bending frequency is higher than 10 Hz, the carbody flexibility almost have no effect on ride quality. The results also show that if the carbody flexibility is rather low, enhancing structure damping and raising the primary vertical damping coefficient can help attenuate the flexible vibration of the vehicle.