内燃机车KM型抗磨添加剂的摩擦磨损性能研究

Friction and Wear Properties of KM-type Lubricating Oil Anti-wear Additive for Diesel Locomotive

考察了铁路内燃机车KM型抗磨添加剂的减摩抗磨性能及机车牵引试验效果。在四球摩擦试验机和销/盘摩擦磨损试验机上进行对比试验的结果表明,该添加剂能明显提高150SN基础油和CD15W/40柴油机油的抗磨损性能,减小摩擦系数。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线电子能谱仪、显微共焦拉曼等仪器测试分析,探讨了KM型添加剂在摩擦副磨损过程中的作用机理,发现:加入添加剂后,摩擦副表面在摩擦过程中生成了一层含氮、氧及碳等元素的化学保护膜;添加剂增加了摩擦副表层C元素的富集,形成含碳物相;它使摩擦副表面产生破碎Fe2O3细小颗粒。这些因素都对改善摩擦副的摩擦学性能发挥有利作用。在2个机务段进行的机车牵引试验结果表明,KM添加剂能明显增加内燃机车的运行功率,提高燃油节油效率,具有很好的实际使用效果。

The anti-wear properties and the effect on locomotive traction tests of the KM-type anti-wear additive for railway diesel locomotives were investigated. Tribotests on a four-ball tester and a pin-on-disc friction and wear testing machine show that the additive can significantly increase the anti-wear ability and decrease the friction coefficients of the 150SN base oil and CD15W/40 oil. The action mechanism of the KM additive in the friction and wear process was analyzed by the SEM, XPS and Microscopic Confocal Raman Spectrometer. The results indicate that on the worn surface a chemical-reaction film containing nitrogen,oxygen and carbon elements was formed for protection, the C element was highly enriched to produce the carbon phase, and fine broken orthoferrites particles were generated. These factors play an active part in improving the tribologieal properties. Locomotive traction tests were made in two locomotive depots. The results show that the practical fuel saving rate and power of the diesel locomotive were significantly improved.