深圳市宝安区基本消灭麻风病后13年发病情况

Analysis of incidence of leprosy thirteen years after basic elimination of the disease in Baoan District,Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市宝安区1996年麻风病基本消灭后的流行特征，为制订麻风病预防控制措施与方法提供科学依据。方法按人口平均数计算发现率、患病率，结合新发现病例的性别、确诊时年龄、病期、发现途径、菌型比、传染来源和畸残进行流行病学分析。结果1996～2008宝安区新发现麻风病人41例，年平均发现率0．15／10万；病人发现途径以皮肤科门诊接诊为主，发现38例，占92．68％。新发现病人87．8％是暂住，流动人口；新发现病人中多菌型与少菌型比值2．73：1；2年以内早期病例25例，占60．98％；Ⅱ级畸残率24．39％；工人患者31例，占75．61％。结论宝安区在麻风低流行状态下，应重点加强暂住人口的麻风病防治，尤其是工厂工人的麻风病防治。皮肤科门诊和工厂用工体检发现麻风病人，是目前人口结构特殊条件下最为经济可行的发现途径。

Objective To understand the epidemiological features of leprosy from 1996 to 2008 following basic elimination of leprosy in Baoan District,Shenzhen City. Methods Based upon the average population, the incidence rate and the prevalence rate were calculated. The data of leprosy cases from 1996 to 2008 were analyzed in terms of gender, age, course, detection mode,infection source,the ratio of multibacillary leprosy （MB）/paucillary leprosy （PB）,and deformity. Results There were 41 cases from 1996 to 2008 and the reported detection rate was 0.15 per 100 000. Thirty-eight leprosy cases（92.68%）were detected through attendance in dermatosis outpatients. 87.8% of cases were temporary residents or floating population, the ratio of MB/PB was 2.73：1,The course of the disease of 25 cases（60.98% ） were less than 2 years, the rate of grade 11 deformity was 24.39%,and 31 （75.61%） cases were workers. Conclusions In a low epidemic area, leprosy control work must be mainly targetd at temporary residents and floating popuations..Dermatosis outpatients are main and economic bodies for identification of leproey cases.