黄土高原水土保持政策演变

Policy development of soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau

水土保持政策是指导和促进水土保持开展的主要社会驱动力之一。新中国成立以来,黄土高原水土保持经过探索治理、重点治理、全民治理、小流域综合治理和预防为主、依法防治等5个阶段。在不同阶段,水土保持目标和任务、治理主体、政策的针对性和治理主导措施侧重等均有变化。在分析政策演变的基础上,提出了针对新时期水土保持特点的政策建议。

Policy is one of most important driving forces in soil and water conservation. There are five stages in the soil and water conservation history in the Yellow River basin, such as the preparatory stage, the key area control stage, the masses participation stage, the integrated watershed t stage and the prevention first and conservation by laws stage. The objective and task, main managing body and principles and main measures are different between that of each stage. The objective and task development from sediment and flood control of the Yellow River, then together with local economic development, and then for food production, and for natural resource protection, agriculture development and disaster prevention. The main managing body changed from the local farmers, to local farmers mainly with help of the governments, and to the person or organization who effected by conservation or destruction of the land resources. And the role of government changed from the manager to protagonist and undertaker. The choice of measures changed from erosion control in the beginning to the integrated management of watershed