土壤侵蚀过程中的养分富集率研究综述

Review of research on enrichment ratio of nutrient in soil erosion process

伴随土壤流失过程的养分流失普遍存在着富集现象并可用富集率来表示。富集率是进行非点源污染评价与预报的重要参数。国内外氮、磷富集率大小和计算方法的研究成果表明：氮富集率变化于0.99～8.17之间,主要集中在1.11～2.99之间,磷富集率变化于0.84～16.12之间,主要集中在1.26～7.17之间;氮磷富集率的估算方法可以分为6种,可分别用土壤侵蚀量、含沙量、土壤质地、土壤比表面积、泥沙输移比和某种组合来计算。文中系统比较和分析了这些方法,对养分富集率的选用和研究有参考意义。

Nutrients are usually enriched in sediment comparing with the original soil where they are eroded from. The degree of enrichment, expressed as the enrichment ratio, must be known to estimate and predict nonpoint source pollution. The purpose of this study was to do a systematic review of the research on values and equations of nutrient enrichment ratio. The reviewed literature showed that enrichment ratio of nitrogen varied from 0.99 to 8.17 and the main scope was 1.11 to 2.99. The enrichment ratio of phosphorus varied from 0.84 to 16.12 and the main scope was 1.26 to 7.17. The equations for calculating enrichment ratio could be generally classified to six groups, which are based on the relationships between enrichment ratio （ER） and sediment yield, sediment concentration, soil texture, soil specific surface area, sediment delivery ratio or some combinations of them. In this paper, analysis and comparison were made on different equations. The results presented in this paper may help to choose nutrient enrichment ratio in nonpoint source pollution estimation and further studies.