工作嵌入对科技型员工离职创业活动的影响

How Job Embeddedness Influences New Venture Creation by High-tech Employees

目前,高科技企业与大学、科研机构员工离职创业的现象越来越普遍,这类企业家群体正在社会经济中发挥越来越重要的作用。本文围绕科技型员工离职创业活动的主题,根据创业过程前三个阶段的特点,从先前工作经历的"嵌入性"出发,对离职创业动机的形成、创业机会的识别和开发进行分析,进而揭示工作嵌入因素如何影响高科技人员离职创业决策的形成,并通过典型个案分析对上述结论做了进一步的验证,期望能为科技型员工提高创业成功率提供科学的理论依据。

More and more high-tech employees are leaving their current jobs to create a new business. The different types of entrepreneur play an increasingly important role in promoting innovation and increasing job opportunities, and explaining why some people find new jobs in other organizations, while others choose to start their own ventures. This study analyzes high-tech employees＇ entrepreneurship decisions from the perspective of job embeddedness. The job embeddedness model established by Mitchell and Lee （2001） suggests that people leave their jobs based on three aspects which are influenced by elements of both on-the-job embeddedness and off-the-job embeddedness： （1） the extent to which they are linked to other people and activities; （2） the extent to which they feel they fit into their organization and community; and （3） what they would have to sacrifice if they left. Meanwhile, numerous other studies indicate that work history and the experience of the entrepreneur are crucial for entrepreneurial success. Based on the characters of the first three stages in the entrepreneurship process, we analyze the impact of the embeddedness factors of previous high-tech jobs on the formation of entrepreneurial motivation, and the reorganization and development of entrepreneurial opportunities. A case study of the Linekong company is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the developed framework. Results suggest job embeddedness influences the probability of employees becoming an entrepreneur. High-tech employees with high on-the-job embeddedness will be more likely to start up new ventures since embedded industry experience, social networks, community environment, and knowledge capital help employees recognize entrepreneurial opportunities, accesses initial capital, transfer knowledge, and accumulate managerial skills for new ventures. Moreover, high-tech employees＇ job embeddedness has a positive association with the growth of new ventures. This paper also provides theoretic evidence to enhance the possibility of success of start-ups for entrepreneurs. In future, the theoretical structure proposed here can be extended by investigating the extent of job embeddedness and the mobility of job embeddedness.