江西省“五河”流域水文特征初步研究

A Study on the Hydrological Characters in the Five River-catchments in Jiangxi Province

对江西省"五河"流域(赣江、抚河、信江、饶河和修河)的水文特征,包括降水、地表水资源、水位、入湖流量、入湖输沙量等进行分析。结果表明:"五河"流域降水充沛,但年内分配不均,其中信江流域降水最为充沛,但年内差异系数较大;修河流域降水量最小,但年内差异系数最小;地表水资源丰富,但由于人口基数不同,水资源丰富的信江流域人均水资源却最低;洪水通常出现在6月,差异并不明显;各水系径流量略有增加,年内变化显著,最大月份是最小月份的几倍到几十倍;近年来入湖输沙量波动下降;据单位面积水土流失状况分析,抚河流域较为严重,信江流域2006年有所加重。

The precipitation, surface water resource, water level, streamflow and sediment discharge of the fivefiver catchments （Ganjiang River, Fuhe River, Xinjiang River, Raohe River and Xiuhe River） were analyzed. The results show： the precipitation is abundant in the five -river catchments, but its distribution is imbalanced in a year. The maximal precipitation occurs in Xinjiang catchment with the largest coeffi- cient of variation （ Cv）, and the minimal precipitation occurs in Xiuhe catchment with the smallest Cv ; the surface water resource is affluent in the five -river catchments. The water resource per capita in Xinjiang catchment is the least because of its huge population; floods happen often in June with similar characters among the five - river catchments; the streamflow of each river changes streamflow is the several or several dozen times more than significantly in a year, the maximal mean -month the minimal one in a year; sediment discharge decreases gradually, but Fuhe catchment has serious water loss and soil erosion per unit area, and Xinjiang catchment suffered from the heaviest waterloss and soil erosion in 2006.