自然演替过程中铜尾矿土壤酶活性的变化

Changes of soil enzyme activities in the copper mine tailings during natural succession

铜陵矿区堆放了大量不同时期的铜尾矿,形成大量铜尾矿废弃地,其中的大部分铜尾矿废弃地处于自然生态恢复状态,并形成典型的原生演替系列。为探讨废弃地自然生态恢复中不同演替阶段植物群落变化与土壤酶活性变化的关系,对铜陵3处不同时期弃置的尾矿废弃地进行了调查。随着自然生态系统演替的进行,尾矿中土壤酶活性逐步提高,维管植物群落下尾矿中土壤酶活性>隐花植物结皮下尾矿中土壤酶活性>裸地处土壤酶活性;位于植物群落下的尾矿废弃地中脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶的活性从表层至下层逐渐降低。不同植物群落对尾矿中土壤酶活性影响有很大差异,位于木贼群落下的尾矿中几种土壤酶的活性高于位于白茅群落和中华结缕草群落下的尾矿中酶的活性。相关分析表明,土壤酶活性与有机质、总N表现出显著的正相关。

There are many wastelands of copper mine tailings in Tongling, Anhui province. Most of them are in the natural ecological restoration. The natural ecological restoration of wastelands is a typical primary succession. Tailings samples under different plant communities from three wastelands were collected and determined to investigate the relationship between plant communities and soil enzyme activities in the processes of natural ecological restoration. The results showed that the activities of the soil enzyme in wasteland gradually increased with the natural ecosystem succession. And a following order was found ： activities of soil enzyme in wasteland under vascular plant communities 〉 activities of soil enzyme in wasteland under cryptogamic crusts 〉 activities of soil enzyme in wasteland under bare tailings. The activities of urease, alkaline phosphatase, catalase decreased significantly with the depth. Impact of soil enzyme activity on type of plant communities was significantly, the activities of soil enzyme in wasteland under the Hippochaete ramosissmium community were higher than that under Impreta cyliadraca community and Zoysia sinica community. Data analysis indicated there were a significantly positive correlation between the activity of soil enzyme and organic matter and total nitrogen in wastelands.