时空信息和工作记忆广度对情境模型更新的影响

The Effect of Time and Space and Working Memory Span on Updating of Situation Model

目的:时空信息和工作记忆广度对语篇理解中情境模型更新的影响。方法:采用2×2×3混合实验设计,以探测词的反应时为指标,以故事短文为实验材料,采用词汇再认的方法进行实验。结果:时间表征的主效应显著,F(2,86)=17.298,P<0.001;角色行为和探测物体之间的一致性的主效应显著,F(1,43)=8.614,P<0.01;工作记忆广度的主效应接近显著,F(1,43)=4.045,P=0.051。结论:时间信息以隐含的形式给出时,时空信息影响情境模型的更新,空间的转换对情境模型的更新起主要作用。工作记忆广度影响情境模型空间维度的加工,高工作记忆广度读者比低工作记忆广度读者更容易产生情境模型的更新。

Objective is The Effect of Time and Space and Working Memory Span on Updating of Situation Model. Methods remain The experiments used 2 × 2 ×3 mixed design, the reaction time of probe was the index, the short stories were experiment materials, recognition of probe were used in experiment. Results being The main effect of time information is significant, F（2.86） = 17. 298 ,P 〈 0. 001 ; The main effect of Role behavior and detect objects is significant, F（1.43） = 8.614, P 〈 0. 01 ; The main effect of working memo- ry span is nearly significant, F（l.43〉 = 4. 045, P = 0. 051. Conclusion Implied time information also affected updating of situation model, but spatial conversion had more effect on updating of situation model. Working memory span affected situation model processing, the readers with high working memory span were easier to update situation model about the text than the readers with low working memory span did.