俄汉存在动词的语义配价分析

An Analysis of Semantic Valencies of Existential Verbs in Russian and Chinese

俄语是形合的语言,词形变化丰富,进入存在句的动词多为不及物动词,所以动词价目受句式影响较小。汉语则相反,汉语是意合的语言,动词缺乏形态变化,大量及物动词进入存在句,所以动词价目受句式的影响较之俄语更大些。

Based on valency grammar, this paper makes a contrastive analysis of some monovalent existential verbs in Russian and Chinese existential constructions. We conclude that the effect of syntactic structure on types of valency is not significant in Russian, a language characterized by hypotaxis, for the reason that the morphological richness of Russian results in the phenomenon that the majority of verbs used in existential constructions are intransitive. However, in Chinese, a language characterized by parataxis and lacking in morphological variations, we find that a large number of verbs used in existential constructions are transitive; hence the effect of syntactic structure on types of valency is more significant than that in Russian.