蔓延与极化:中国国际化城市空间发展趋向批判

Urban Sprawling and Polarization:Critique of the Spatial Development Trend of the Internationalization City

在中国加速城市化时期。国际化城市空间同时出现蔓延与极化两种发展趋向。政府主导的单一功能区开发与交通基础设施建设构成了城市化与郊区化的先导力量,市场主导的房地产以及大型项目填充了交通道路之间的剩余空间,造就了土地空间蛙跳式开发与低效率利用,导致了城市蔓延。同时,国际化城市集中了周边经济区域人力资本含量最高的服务行业,并把其聚集到交通基础设施与公共服务条件较好的中心城区。中心城区集聚了大量的财富、物质资本与人力资本,它试图通过城市空间极化的方式融入全球性流动空间。这样,在城市化与郊区化并行的条件下,中国国际化城市空间变化兼具有工业化与后工业化城市空间变化特征:一方面,中心城区不断地集聚财富、科技与人力资本,保持着繁华繁荣;另一方面,郊区在不断向外围猛烈发展。蔓延与极化是城市空间扩张缺乏制度性结构支撑造成的空间失序现象,两者是同一个实质问题的两个外在表现而已。限制国际化城市空间扩张速度,分解拥挤成一个团块的城市空间,构建大集中、小分散与相对均衡的城市空间布局,是提高城市能级与向全球城市发展的必要条件。

At the period of accelerating urbanization, the space of internationalization cities of our country sprawl and polarize simultaneously. The development of monotonous function zone under the government guide is the forerunner power of urbanization and suburbanization, and the real estate under market function comes and fills the vacancy between the traffic roads. The space outside of the city is developed in low density and ineffectively. A lot of urban property, human capital and material capital get together in the center area. It shows that the city try its best to connect with the global flow space. Therefore, the spatial change of internationalization city has the characteristic of industrialization and post-industrialization simultaneously： on one side, a lot of property, human capital, science and technology assemble in center area and keep prosperously; on the other side, the suburb expands quickly and make urban sprawl.