两个历史上重要的玉米地方品种群体的表型多样性评价

Evaluation of Phenotypic Diversity for Two Maize Landrace Populations Having Historical Importance in China

以20世纪我国玉米生产上应用的两个地方品种群体白马牙和金皇后为研究对象,以国家种质资源信息系统(CGRIS)中收录的这两个群体的14个性状观测值为分析依据,对这两个群体进行了表型多样性评价和类群结构研究。结果表明:我国玉米地方品种核心种质库中收录的白马牙的种质份数明显多于金皇后,在地理分布上也明显比金皇后广泛;两个群体内的材料在穗粒性状上都具有相似的特性,但两个群体也表现出了较大的差异,其中白马牙主要以白色偏硬粒型子粒为主,而金皇后则以黄色偏马齿型子粒为主;UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,白马牙群体内的材料分组与玉米生态区有对应关系。

Based on the data of 14 quantitative and qualitative characters stored in Chinese crop germplasm resources information system（CGRIS）, evaluation of phenotypic diversity and clustering analysis were carried out for two maize landrace populations. ＂Baimaya＂ and ＂Golden Queen＂, which were widely planted in the 20^th century in different regions of China. The results showed that the accessions in the core collection conserved in Chinese national genebank（CNG） with the name of Baimaya were more than those of Golden Queen, and the geographical distribution of the former was much wider than that of the latter. The accessions within the two populations had similar performance of ear and kernel traits, however, distinct differentiation were also found between the two populations. Baimaya had white and intermediate（tending to dent） kernels while Golden Queen had yellow and intermediate（tending to flint） kernels. Cluster analysis indicated that the clusters of the accessions within Baimaya basically corresponded to the maize ecological regions.