平衡施肥对春玉米产量和养分利用率的影响

Effects of Balanced Fertilization and Phosphor on Spring Corn Yield and Nutrients Utilization Rate

采用土壤养分状况系统研究法,平衡土壤中的中、微量元素养分后,研究高寒阴湿区玉米的养分限制因子氮、磷、钾的平衡施用对玉米产量及氮磷钾养分利用率的影响。结果表明,平衡土壤中的中、微量元素养分后,氮、磷、钾是限制玉米产量提高的养分限制因子,养分限制顺序为P>K>N;平衡施肥提高了玉米产量,促进了玉米对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收,提高了氮、磷、钾的养分利用率,平衡施肥的最佳处理为OPT;平衡氮、钾及中、微量元素养分后,施磷提高了玉米产量,玉米产量随着磷用量的增加而增加,适宜的磷用量在增加玉米产量的同时,提高了氮、磷、钾的养分利用率与磷肥的投资效益,最佳磷肥用量为150kg/hm2。

System study method of soil nutrients applied to study effect of balanced fertilization and phosphor on corn yield and nutrients using ratio of N, P, K and nutrients limited factors of corn yield in dank and high area at the base of knowing nutrients status of soil and balancing other micronutrients in soil. The result showed that N, P, K were main nutrients factors to limit corn yield increasing while other micronutrients in soil were balanced, and limited order was P 〉 K 〉 N, and balanced fertilization increased corn yield and nutrients using ratio of N, P, K and advanced corn to absorb N, P, and K, and applying phosphor increased corn yield after balancing other micronutrients, and corn yield increased with dosage of phosphor increased, the fitting dosage of phosphor could increase nutrients utilization rate, and the investment profit of phosphor as well as increase corn yield. So the best dosage of phosphor was 150 kg/ha, and the best treatment of balanced fertilization was OPT.