骨微结构无创性检测研究进展

Advances of None-invasive Detections of Bone Microarchitecture

骨质疏松症是一种以骨量减少、骨组织微结构破坏为特征,导致骨强度下降、骨脆性和骨折危险性增加的常见代谢性疾病。人们发现除骨密度外,骨质量(骨微结构、骨有机基质、矿物成分、微小损伤及修复状态)同样影响骨强度。对绝大多数人而言,骨组织的组成材料基本一致,故骨微结构成为评价骨质量的重要指标,目前关于其无创性检测成为研究热点。本文就应用超声、电子计算机断层扫描、磁共振以及有限元分析法进行骨微结构无创性检查方面的最新研究成果作一综述。

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disease which is characteristic of less bone mass and impaired bone microarchitecture, leading to the decreasing of bone strength as well as to the increasing of brittle bones and the risk of fracture. It was found that bone quality, including bone microarchitecture, the composition of mineral and organic matrix, microdamage and the status of bone repair, can influence bone strength as bone mineral density can do. Since the compositions of tissue material are generally similar in people, microarchitecture is used as the importan index for the assessment of bone mechanical properties. Currently the none-invasive detective methods in use for bone have become a research topic. Such methods as ultrasonic imaging, computer tomography, magnetic resonance ima- ging and finite element analysis are reviewed in this paper.