焦作矿区煤矸石山周围土壤和玉米作物重金属污染研究

Review on Heavy Metal Pollution to Soil and Corn near Coal Waste Rock Dump in Jiaozuo Diggings

以焦作演马矿区为例,研究煤矸石长期堆放对周围土壤和玉米作物造成的重金属污染。根据当地地形地貌在矸石堆周围呈放射状布设3条采样线,用HCl-HNO3-HF-HClO4全分解法和HNO3-HClO4湿法消解土壤和玉米样品,检测土壤和玉米(叶、茎和籽)中主要有害重金属元素(Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn)。研究表明:土壤和玉米中Pb和Zn含量超标,且距离矸石堆由近及远土壤和玉米作物中重金属含量呈下降趋势,重金属在玉米作物不同部位的富集能力表现为叶中最高,茎次之,籽最低。

Based on coal waste rock dump in Yanma Mine of Jiaozuo, this paper researched heavy metals＇ pollution to soil and corn arotmd the coal waste rock dump. According to the local landform, three sampling lines were disposed around the coal waste rock dump, the samples were digested with HCl- HNO3 -HF-HC1O3 and HNO3 -HClO4 digesting method, and heavy metals in soil and corn （Pb,Cu,Cr,Zn） were measured. The results showed that the contents of Pb and Zn in both soil and eom exceed standards, the pollutants in soil and eom decrease with the distance of coal waste rock dump increase. Corn enriching heavy metals had a role that the content of pollutant was highest in leaves,moderate in stems, and lowest in seeds.