当代中央银行运作的新模式:独立性、责任制与透明度

New operation pattern of central banks:independence,accountability and transparency

20世纪70年代以来,各国(特别是发达国家)纷纷改善中央银行的运作模式,以期提高货币政策调控的效果。中央银行运作出现3个方面的显著变化:增强独立性;实行责任追究制;提高透明度。在赋予中央银行独立性的条件下,要求其对政策绩效负有责任是权利与义务的一种匹配,责任制是独立性的一种平衡机制,透明度是实行责任制的必要条件,并且透明度能够增强货币政策的有效性。

Since 1970s, many countries （especially developed countries） have improved the central banks operation to enhance the effect of monetary policy. There are three prominent changes in the central banks operation, i.e. increasing independence, acting accountability, and raising transparency. Under the condition of the central banks independence,it is a kind of mates for right and duty to require the central banks to be accountable for effect of monetary policy; accountability is a kind of balance mechanism to the independence; transparency is the necessary condition of accountability, which can strength the effectiveness of monetary policy.