明代宗藩私离封地与越奏问题述论

Study on Imperial Clans' Illegal Leave from Fief and Law-breaking Memorial Presentation in the Ming Dynasty

明自永乐始,宗藩地位急剧变化。明中期以后,宗室更是被锢禁于一城之中,不得擅离封域,亦不得从事四民之业,成为坐糜岁禄的寄生阶层。宗室奏事,亦有严苛的规条限制。但明王朝的禁条,从来没能遏止住宗藩的私离封禁和越关奏扰,特别是正德以降,宗禄问题困扰明王朝,宗藩问题成为一大社会难题以后,宗藩私离封地、越奏日益加剧,成为难以刹住的风潮,带来了相当严重的恶果。

Since the beginning of Yong Le period in the Ming Dynasty,royal clanmen's status dramatically changed.In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,imperial clans were not allowed to get away from their domain and not permitted to get engaged in industries of the four callings,and they became a sitting-year-old parasitic class who just wasted their salaries.There were also some harsh bans on their memorial presentation.But the rules were always in vain.Especially after Zheng De period,the Ming Dynasty was perplexed by increasingly worse problems of the imperial clan's salary,illegal leave from their feoffs and law-breaking memorial presentation.