体温、摄食、断尾和雌体繁殖状态对原尾蜥虎运动表现的影响

Effects of body temperature,feeding,caudal autotomy and reproductive condition on locomotor performance in the oriental leaf-toed gecko,(Hemidactylus bowringii)

设计4项实验研究4种内外因素(环境温度、摄食、断尾和怀卵状态)导致的肇庆原尾蜥虎运动表现种群内变异。环境温度通过影响体温而影响原尾蜥虎运动表现。两性成体疾跑速均具有在低体温范围内随体温升高而加快、在高体温范围内随体温升高而降低的一般模式。在任何体温下成年雌体的疾跑速均略大于雄体,但两者平均值在统计上无显著差异。体温对原尾蜥虎最大持续运动距离的影响存在两性间差异。成年雌体的最大持续运动距离在低体温范围(从17℃到27℃)内随体温升高而增加,而在相对较高的体温范围(从27℃到37℃)内无显著变化,成年雄体在实验体温范围(从17℃到37℃)内无显著变化;在任何体温下成年雌体的最大持续运动距离均显著大于雄性。性别与体温相互作用对最大持续运动距离有显著影响。两性个体的平均疾跑速和最大持续运动距离呈显著的正相关。当去除最大持续运动距离差异的影响后发现,疾跑速两性差异统计上仍不显著。摄食、尾自切和雌体怀卵在两个实验温度下(27℃和31℃)均减小壁虎疾跑速;而仅尾自切减小壁虎的最大持续运动距离,摄食和雌体怀卵对其无影响。以上3种因子分别与体温、性别的交互作用均不显著。这些结果说明生理限制和尾自切是原尾蜥虎运动能力变异的重要来源。一些内外因素能近因性诱导蜥蜴功能表现发生一定程度的种群内变异。

We designed four separate experiments to study within population variation in locomotor performance in the oriental leaf-toed gecko（Hemidactylus bowringii）induced by four factors（body temperature,feeding,caudal autotomy and reproductive condition）.Ambient temperature influenced the gecko＇s body temperature,thereby influencing its locomotor performance.Sprint speed increased with increasing in body temperature within the lower temperature range,and then decreased at higher body temperatures.The pattern of the thermal dependence of sprint speed was similar between both sexes,however,adult female run a little faster than adult male at any given level of body temperatures,but there was no statistically significance between the mean values for each sex.The maximal distance traveled without stopping（hereafter the maximal distance）increased with increasing in body temperature within the lower temperature range（from 17 ℃ to 27 ℃）,and then did not vary at higher body temperatures（from 27 ℃ to 37 ℃）in adult females,but this pattern of the thermal dependence of maximal distance differed from adult males.Adult males run shorter than adult females at any given level of body temperatures,and were not significantly influenced by body temperature in the maximal distance.Sprint speed was positively correlated with the maximal distance in each sex.When the influence of variation in the maximal distance was removed,there was still no significant difference in sprint speed between both sexes.The feeding,tail loss and gravidity of females reduced sprint speed at the experimental body temperatures（27 ℃ and 31 ℃）in all case.And,tail loss of geckos also reduced the maximal distance,but taking food or gravidity of females did not.The effects of interaction of these factors with body temperature and sexes were not apparent in most case.These results suggest that physical burden and caudal autotomy should be the origin of variation in locomotor capacity in H.bowringii.We conclude that some internal and external factors may proximately induce a certain degree of intrapopulational variation in functional performance of lizards.