国际生物多样性研究科学计划与热点述评

Review of international scientific programmes and frontiers of biodiversity research

生物多样性与人类生活密切相关。近年来不断加剧的人类活动,对生物多样性造成了严重破坏。已有研究表明,地球上的物种正以前所未有的速度丧失。为了遏止这种状况,目前,世界上许多国际组织和国家都对生物多样性及其相关问题展开研究,并制定了与生物多样性保护相关的法规和战略计划,也采取了许多保护生物多样性的行动。DIVERSITAS是国际全球环境变化（GEC）四大研究计划之一,也是生物多样性领域最大的国际科学计划,DIVERSITAS于2001年开始启动了第Ⅱ阶段研究并确定了新的核心研究计划和跨学科交叉网络计划。世界自然保护联盟（The World Conservation Union,IUCN）在2008年发布了《塑造可持续的未来：IUCN2009～2012年计划》,提出了5个优先主题领域。欧盟于2006年通过了一项保护生物多样性的新战略---《2010年及未来阻止生物多样性丧失：人类福祉的可持续生态服务》。此外,很多国际/国家基金组织还发起了一些全球性的生物多样性计划,如国际海洋生物普查计划、生命之树计划、国际生命条码计划等。本文对上述生物多样性保护和研究的国际计划予以概要介绍和评述,并指出当前国际上生物多样性研究的主要热点,即：生物多样性变化与生态系统功能;生物多样性和生态系统服务的价值评估;生物多样性与气候变化;生物多样性长期动态监测;生物多样性的评价指标等。

Biodiversity is closely related to human welfare.In recent years,human activities have caused massive loss of biodiversity.Lots of researches have showed that the species on Planet Earth have been reducing at an unprecedented speed.In order to prevent the loss of biodiversity,many countries and international organizations had carried out lots of researches,enacted laws and regulations,implemented plans and actions on biodiversity and its related issues.DIVERSITAS is one of the four programmes of international global environmental change（GEC）,and is the largest international scientific programme on biodiversity.In 2001,DIVERSITAS began its second phase of and developed a new research framework of the core projects,established a number of cross-cutting networks.The World Conservation Union（IUCN）is the first and foremost conservation organization that cares deeply about the diversity of life and whose fundamental expertise is on species habitats and the management of ecosystems.In 2008,IUCN launched IUCN Programme 2009-2012 Shaping a Sustainable Future,five priority thematic areas of IUCN during 2009-2012 were put forward in the Programme.In 2006,EU adopted a new strategy on conservation of biodiversity-Halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010 and beyond：Sustaining ecosystem services for human well-being.In addition,many foundations and organizations had also launched a number of global biodiversity plans,such as Census of Marine Life（CoML）,Tree of Life（TOL）,The International Barcode of Life Project（iBOL）.These Strategic Plans of research and conservation on biodiversity was introduce in this paper.This paper also pointed out the key issues on biodiversity as below：biodiversity change and ecosystem services,biodiversity and evaluation of ecosystem services;biodiversity and climate change,long term dynamic monitoring for biodiversity,and biodiversity indicators.