苹果属种、杂交种及品种之间关系的AFLP分析

Relationships of Species,Hybrid Species and Cultivars in Genus Malus Revealed by AFLP Markers

用AFLP技术,对72个苹果属植物样本(34个种、变种、杂交种及38个品种)进行遗传多样性分析。在64对AFLP引物中选出6对引物进行扩增,得到有效谱带1692条,其中多态谱带1547条,多态谱带比率为91.4%。对72个样品的试验数据进行聚类分析,它们的相似系数为0.54～0.82。在相似系数0.60处参试材料被分为4大类,即佛罗伦萨苹果(Malusflorentina)为一类;绿苹果组(Sect.Choromeles)和多胜苹果组(Sect.Docyniopsis)分别各聚一类;花楸组(Sect.Sorbomalus)、脱萼组(Sect.Gymnomeles)和苹果组(Sect.Malus)聚为一类,所有苹果品种和观赏海棠品种全聚在原产亚洲的花楸组、脱萼组及苹果组中。亚洲原产的苹果属植物对于苹果及观赏海棠品种的发展起重要作用。根据试验结果及文献资料,支持将佛罗伦萨苹果组(Sect.Florentinae ChengM.H.)成立单种组;建议将原属花楸组植物除佛罗伦萨苹果外,全部并入苹果组;取消脱萼组,将其组内的植物全部并入苹果组。

Amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） analysis was used to reveal the relationships of species in Malus. A total of 72 samples representing 34 species, varieties, and hybrid species, and 38 cultivars were assayed. Six pairs of primer combinations selected from 64 combinations tested produced 1 692 legible loci, of which 1 547 （91.4 % ） were polymorphic. The genetic similarity coefficient among these 72 samples varied from 0.54 to 0.82. Four groups of taxa were assigned based on the results of cluster analysis with the genetic similarity coefficient at 0.60. First one was Malusflorentina. The second contained the taxa of Sect. Choromeles. The third included the taxa of Sect. Docyniopsis. The taxa in Sect. Sorbomalus, Sect. Gymnomeles and Sect. Malus of Malus were clustered into the last group. All cultivars of apples and flowering crabapples distributed in the last group originated in Asia. The wild species in Asia played a very important role in the development of cuhivars in Malus. A new section （Sect. Florentinae Cheng M. H. ） was supported by the AFLP result. Sections of Sect. Sorbomalus and Sect. Gymnomeles were suggested to merge into Sect. Malus （except Malus florentina） based on the results.