枯斑盘多毛孢及其诱变生物型对寄生性种子植物和杂草的防除潜力

Potential Biocontrol Activity of Pestalotia funerea and its Mutant to Parasitic Seed Plants and Weeds

在35个枯斑盘多毛孢菌株中,以油松上的菌株所产代谢产物的毒力最强(PF-11),马尾松上的菌株(PF-2)次之。用PF-11为出发菌株在亚致死诱变剂量条件下经3次连续诱变获得10株抗紫外线的生物型。用硅胶H60型作柱层析的填料,正丁醇∶水∶甲醇(4∶2∶1)作洗脱剂进行柱层析,P11菌株代谢物可纯化出3种活性组分(Rf分别为0.83,0.79,0.80);诱变菌株P11-4可纯化出4种活性组分(Rf分别为0.83,0.79,0.80,0.60),表明诱变后增加了一种活性物质,通过红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振分析为一植物含氮多糖[C12H23O9N(Mr=325),分子式为OOONHCH2CH2CH3]。诱变菌株毒力研究表明:3株诱变生物型(PF11-1,PF11-3,PF11-5)为负突变,对目标寄生性种子植物无毒力;5株诱变生物型(PF11-7,PF11-8,PF11-9,PF11-10)毒力未明显增强,只有PF11-4,PF11-6诱变生物型为正突变,对寄生性种子植物和杂草的毒力显著提高。

In the 35 diferent Pestalotiafunerea strains,the toxicity of metabolic substances of the strain PF - 11 （from Pinus tabulaeformis ） was the highest, and that of strain PF - 2 （from P. massoniana） was second. Using PF - 11 as original strain, ten mutants were obtained by 3 continuous times under ultraviolet mutagenesis dosage which was less than lethal dosage. Three active fractions with the Rf values of 0.83, 0.79, 0.80 were separated from Pll metabolic substances by gel H60 column chromatography with n-butanol：methanol：water （4：1：2） as the mobile phase. Four active fractions with the Rf values of 0.83, 0.79,0.80,0.60 were purified from the ultraviolet mutant of P11 -4, which showed one more active fraction was produced after treated with ultraviolet. The formula was C12 H23 O9N（ Mr = 325） with the structure of NHCH2 CH2 CH3 indentified by IR, MS and 1HNMR. The ultraviolet mutant were used to investigate their weeding effect, and the results showed that three mutants were negative with no toxicity to objective weed; five mutatants didn＇t increased obviously on toxicity; however PF11 - 4 and PF11 - 6, were positive mutants and their toxicity against objective weed were increased obviously.