4Jeung, H,,Chandler,P.,& Sweller.J, The role of visual indicators in dual sensory mode instruction[J].Educational Psgchology, 1997, 17:329-343.
5Kalyuga,S., Chandler,,P.,& Sweller. J. Incorporating learning experience into the design of multimedia instruction [J]. Journal of Educational Psychology, 2000, 92:126-136.
6Van Gerven,P., Pass,F. ,van Merfienboer, J. J. G., Hendriks,M.,& Schmidt,H. The eflficiency of multimedia learning into old age[J]. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2003, 73 : 489-505.
7Kalyuga, S., Chandler,P.,& Sweller, J. Managing split-attention and redundancy in multimedia instruaction[J]. Apllied Cognitive Psychology, 1999, 13:351-371.
8Mayer, R. E., & Moreno, R. Animation as an Aid to Multimedia Learning[J]. Educational Psychology Review,2002, 14(1) : 87-99.
9Deloache, D. Early understanding and use of symbols: The model model[J]. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1995, (4): 109-113.
10Schnotz, W., & Bannert, M. Construction and interference in learning from multimedia representation[J]. Learning and Instruction, 2003, 13(2): 141-156