苏云金芽孢杆菌Cry1Ac杀虫晶体蛋白及其分子设计

Bt Cry1Ac Insecticidal Crystal Protein Family and its Molecular Design

cry1Ac编码的杀虫晶体蛋白是苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)产生的多种杀虫晶体蛋白中对鳞翅目昆虫有很高毒性的蛋白。第一个Cry1Ac杀虫晶体蛋白最早在库斯塔克亚种HD73中以伴胞晶体形式分离获得,其编码区为3534bp,编码蛋白分子量为133kD,含1178个氨基酸,等电点为4.84。自此以来,Cry1Ac杀虫晶体蛋白结构、功能以及应用研究一直是Bt杀虫晶体蛋白研究的重要方向。本文介绍了苏云金芽孢杆菌中应用最广泛的Cry1Ac杀虫晶体蛋白家族的结构、功能及其基因分类,并进一步就基于苏云金芽孢杆菌Cry1Ac杀虫晶体蛋白的基因工程研究做了分析,提出了持续利用BtCry1Ac杀虫晶体蛋白的一些见解。

Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein has exhibited high toxicity to some agricultural insects. Cry1Ac insecticidal crystal proteins were firstly obtained from the Bt kurstaki HD73 in the form of parasporal crystals, the open reading frame of the cry1Ac gone contains 3534 bp encoding a 133 kD protein with 1178 amino acids and its IE point was 4.84. This paper summarizes the structure, function and gene taxonomy of Cry1Ac insecticidal crystal proteins and reviews as well the research of genetic engineering of insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis and its application in transgenic plant breeding. We also analyzed the problems existed in the transgenic plants and molecular plant breeding at present, gave advices on these problems and proposed some new views about utilization of the Bt insecticidal crystal protein with reasons.