不同土壤管理制度对‘寒富’苹果树体养分回流的影响

Influence of Different Soil Cultivation Systems on Nutrient Backflux in 'Hanfu' Apple Trees

果园覆草对树体生长发育影响较大。以‘寒富’苹果为试材,通过覆草和清耕2种不同的土壤管理方式,研究了养分回流期间果树体内养分的动态变化。结果表明:1年生枝叶片、木质部、韧皮部的营养物质含量基本表现为覆草处理大于清耕处理,这说明覆草处理有效提高了各部位的营养物质含量,增加了树体的贮备营养水平。同一土壤管理制度下,不同枝类的养分含量也有所差异,表现为秋梢>早期封顶枝>春梢,这表明秋梢在延缓叶片衰老,增加营养物质贮备方面起到了重要的作用。

The dynamic changes of nutrients were studied using young ‘Hanfu＇ apple trees as experimental materials under different soil cultivation modes, including covering grass and clean cultivation, during nutrient recycling period. Results showed that the nutrient contents in leaf, xylem and ptfloem of one-year-old branches of ‘Hanfu＇ apple trees from the grass cover treatment were higher than those from the clean cultivation treatment, exhibiting that covering grass effectively increased the nutrient contents of all parts of the apple trees and raised the nutrient level. Under the same soil cultivation mode, the nutrient contents in different types of branches were different, implying autumn shoot, early-stage top-cutting shoot, spring shoot in a decreasing order. Thus, the autumn shoot plays an important role in postponing leaf senescence and promoting the nutrient storage.