齐格蒙特·鲍曼对马克思主义的“修正”

Zygmunt Bauman’s Amendment to Marxism

齐格蒙特.鲍曼是当代西方现代性与后现代性研究最著名的理论家之一。马克思主义对其早期思想有决定性的影响,但葛兰西使鲍曼开始修正马克思主义的苏联实践,并为其后来背离马克思主义的正统体系奠定基础。鲍曼"修正"马克思主义的内容包括,在重新解释马克思思想的基础上,批判并解构苏联式的马克思主义,进而把社会主义界定为一种反资本主义的乌托邦,以此反思苏联的社会主义实践。马克思主义虽不是鲍曼后期思想的主题,但其精髓却成为鲍曼洞察当代社会境况的认识论基础。

Zygmunt Bauman is one of the most famous contemporary theorists on the modernity and post-modernity research. Marxism has a decisive influence on his early thought, but Gramsci made Bauman start to amend USSR’ practice of Marxism, and paved the way for his later departure from the orthodoxy Marxism. The content of Bauman’s amendment, on the basis of re-explaining Marx’s thought, includes the criticism and destruction of the Marxism in the USSR, the defining of the socialism as a Utopia against capitalism, the reflection of the socialist experience in the USSR. Although Marxism is not the key issue in Bauman’ later thought, its essence becomes the epistemological base for Bauman’s perception of the contemporary social situation.