FDI是否降低了中国内资企业的出口竞争力?——基于显示比较优势的研究

Will FDI weaken the competitive power of the export of domestic enterprises?——Research based on revealed comparative advantage

随着中国吸引外国直接投资的不断增多,很多人担心外商投资企业会挤占传统的优势部门,造成这些部门中内资企业出口竞争力的下降。本文利用显示比较优势指数对该问题进行了研究,先确定1995年和2004年中国都具有显示比较优势的十个工业行业,然后计算这些行业在工业总产值中所占份额的变化,结果发现绝大多数行业中内资企业的份额是增加的。根据比较优势原理,FDI并没有降低这些行业中的内资企业的出口竞争力。外商投资企业更多地进入了中国具有比较劣势的行业,有利于提高我国整体出口竞争力。

With the ever increasing FDI flowing into China, more and more people become worried about that foreign - funded enterprises will crowd out Chinese traditional superior sectors, which will weaken the competitive power of the export of domestic enterprises. This article employs revealed comparative advantage index to conduct researches on the problem. First, the article defines ten industrial sectors with revealed comparative advantage from 1995 to 2004, then estimates the changes of their proportions in national total industrial output value, and finally draws the conclusion that most of the proportions increase. According to the principle of comparative advantage, FDI has not weakened their competitive power in export. That more foreign - funded enterprises invest in the industries with comparative disadvantage in China has positive effects on improving our whole competitive power in export.