适应贵阳生态环境的小麦品种农艺性状分析

Characteristics of Wheat Varieties Adapting to Ecological Environment in Guiyang Region

通过比较试验探寻出适应贵阳地区特殊生态环境和气候特点栽培的的高产优质小麦品种(系)。试验在贵州大学农学院试验场进行,以贵农15、黔98353、黔麦15、夏繁29、"98-28"、贵单5号、黔98284-82、黔0110、"98-22"为试验材料,统计分析了株高、有效分蘖数、有效穗数、小穗数、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、单株产量等农艺性状在各品种(系)上的差异及相关性分析,统计分析了单株产量。在本试验范围内,各性状变异系数从大到小依次为:有效分蘖数>单株产量>有效穗数>穗粒数>千粒重>穗长>小穗数>株高;单株产量统计分析结果显示,黔麦15、黔98353、贵农15与其他6个品种(系)都分别达到了显著差异;小麦主要农艺性状的相关性分析表明,有7对性状达极显著相关,有效分蘖数与穗长达极显著的正相关,而穗长与单株产量、穗粒数与千粒重、株高与穗粒数、株高与穗长、株高与有效穗数、株高有效分蘖数则有不同程度的制约关系,均为极显著的负相关。筛选出的黔麦15、黔98353、贵农15是适应现阶段在贵阳地区栽培的优良品种(系)。

The experiments were carried out to measure the agronomic characteristics （plant height, the effective tillers, the effective spikes, spikelets, spike length, grains per spike, thousand grain weight, per plant yield） of nine wheat varieties in the experimental field Guizhou University, and testing materials were Guinong 15,Qian 98353,Qianmai 15,Xiafan 29, ＂98-28＂, Guidan 5,Qian98284-82, Qian0110 and ＂98-22＂. The results showed that the coefficients of variation of the characteristics were in the order of effective tillers 〉per plant yield〉the effective spikes〉grains per spike〉thousand grain weight〉spike length〉 spikelets 〉plant height. Per plant yield of Guinong 15, Qianmai 15 and Qian 98353 were relatively higher, due to comprehensive function of these agronomic characteristics, especially, the effective spikes, thousand grain weight and grains per spike. Statistical analysis of per plant yield showed that Guinong 15, Qianmai 15 and Qian 98353 were significantly different from 6 other wheat varieties respectively. Correlation coefficient among agronomic traits of wheat indicated that the effective tiller was significantly positively correlated with spike length. There were significant negative correlation between spike length and per plant yield, grains per spike and thousand grain weight,plant height and grains per spike, plant height and spike length, plant height and the effective spikes, plant height and the effective tillers respectively.Guinong 15,Qianmai 15 and Qian 98353 were fine varieties that could adapt to ecological environment in Guiyang Region.