缔合法磷酸二铵氨化反应特征的研究

Study on Reacting Characteristics of Ammoniation in Preparating Ammonium Monacid Phosphate by Association

研究了氨和磷酸缔合物生成磷酸一铵的化学反应特征。其反应式为：（Ｒ３ＮＨ）Ｈ２ＰＯ４＋ＮＨ３→Ｒ３Ｎ＋（ＮＨ４）Ｈ２ＰＯ４获得了两个温度范围的反应速率方程：２０～５０℃：－γＡ＝８．６７８×１０３·ｅｘｐ（－１．９５６４×１０３·１／Ｔ·Ｃ０．３Ａ５０～８０℃：－γＡ＝０．４２０３×１０２·ｅｘｐ（－０．９７８０×１０３·１／Ｔ·Ｃ０．３Ａ方程计算与实测在相同与不同温度时的平均误差分别为－４．２９％和－０．３２％。研究结论：反应级数ｎ＝０．３；反应为受液膜控制的快速反应；生成磷酸二铵的反应有一慢速区，反应分为两段进行较为经济。

In this paper characteristics of chemical reaction was studied and after association the product is ammonium monacid phosphate from ammanium (NH 3) and phosphate acid .[(R 3NH)·H 2PO 4]. The average errors between the calculation and the meassurement are -4.29% at the same temperature, and-0.32% at different temperature.Then the following conclusions can be drawn: the reaction grade is n±0.3. The reaction is a rapid reaction controlled by liquid membrane. In the reaction of producing ammonium monacid phosphate, there was a slow rate range, so it is reasonable to devide the reaction process into two stages. 20～50℃: -γ A=8.6787×10 2·exp(-1.9564×10 31T)·C 0.3 A 50～80℃: -γ A=0.4203×10 2·exp(-0.9780×10 3·1T)·C 0.3 A