漠河极端气温气候特征及其变化

Climate Characteristic and Change of Mohe Extreme Temperature

采用相关系数法和对比分析法,分析了1963—2000年38年间中国最北部的漠河极端最低气温和极端最高气温的气候特征及其气候变化。结果表明:漠河是中国最冷的地方,不仅在中国气象史上创下了-52.3℃的极端最低气温最低极值,且每年极端最低气温都在-38℃以下;年极端最高气温为38.0℃;极端气温年较差很大,最小为73.1℃,最大为87.0℃,1980年代后明显变小;极端最低气温总体变化不明显,但1990年代上升显著,10年间平均升高1.6℃;极端最高气温总体变化显著,为升降交替变化,1970年代显著升高,10年间平均升高了1.6℃;1980年代明显下降,10年间平均下降了1.1℃;1990年代上升,10年间平均上升0.7℃;年极端最低气温出现在11月、12月、1月和2月,1月最多,占52%;年极端最高气温出现在5—9月,7月最多,占47%;日极端最低气温多出现在4—7时;日极端最高气温多出现在14—16时;特别值得一提的是:漠河1963—2000年间1—12月的月极端最低气温都曾经出现过零下的记录。

Mohe is in the most north in China, the climatic character and change of its extreme low temperature and extreme high temperature in 1963- 2000 are analyzed by using the correla- tion coefficient method and contrast analysis method. The result shows that Mohe is the coldest place in China, not only creates the record of coldest extreme low temperature, - 52.3℃, but al- so the extreme low temperature of every year is below - 38℃. The annual extreme high temperature is 38℃. Its annual range of extreme temperature is large, with the lowest of 73. 1℃and the highest of 87℃. In 1980s the annual range of extreme temperature tended to decrease. The over- all change in the extreme low temperature is not obvious, but in 1990s increased significantly,with an average increase of 1.6℃.The extreme high temperature changes in a fluctuation way, with an obvious increase of 1.6℃ in 1970s and decrease of 1.1℃ in 1980s. The annual extreme low temperature occurs in November, December, January and February. The annual extreme high temperature occurs in May, June, July and August, and most in July. The daily lowest temperature occurs at 4：00--7：00, and the daily highest temperature occurs at 14：00--16 ： 00. It is worth to mention that the temperature below zero all happened in the extreme low temperature of December- January in the period of 1963- 2000.