论魏晋国家政权与豪族大土地所有制的关系：抑兼并与“守清贫”

On the Relationship between State Power and Land Ownership of Influential Clans in Wei and Jin Dynasties

在豪族与依附化佃农的人身依附关系固定化和普遍化的社会结构中,魏晋国家企图通过赋役政策的调整来限制豪族的土地兼并,根本无法实现。相反,只能使豪族的大土地所有制及其依附人口的免役特权合法化。而豪族阶层中的士族由于自身政治权力及其经济利益均需要国家政权的认可和赋予,因此必须要站在国家立场上抑制土地兼并。在九品中正制和占田荫亲荫客制的要求和保障下,士族往往通过"守清贫"的自律意识来抵制豪族的土地兼并,从而使魏晋豪族的经济形态呈现出"兼并"和"抑兼并"并存的矛盾局面。

Rulers of Wei and Jin dynasties attempted to limit the annexation of lands of influential clans through adjusting the taxation policy,but the efforts were in vain.On the contrary,they had to legalize the system of land ownership of influential clans and their privilege of exemption of the corvee of their family members.Therefore the gentries at that time tried to resist the annexation of these clans by the self-discipline awareness of sticking to honest poverty,leading to the co-existence of 'annexation' and 'repressing annexation' in the economic pattern.