华北平原粮田替代型复合种植模式生态经济比较研究

Research of Eco-economy on Substitution Planting Patterns in the North China Plain

通过定位试验,从生态经济角度对不同间作复合种植模式与传统种植模式进行对比分析,以寻求经济高效、生态安全的替代型种植模式,结果表明:(1)间作改善了作物的生长环境,提高了资源利用率,因而间作复合种植模式间作季节表现出明显的产量优势,间作复合种植模式单作季节产量明显增加。(2)禾豆间作不仅通过直接影响当季作物的产量形成来提高土地利用率,而且还通过对后作作物产量的积极影响来提高后作作物的土地利用率,从而提高复合种植模式整体的土地利用率。研究得出间作复合种植模式土地利用率全年提高了4.0%～7.0%。(3)间作复合种植模式在间作季及全年的农机械、农药、化肥的经济投入量减少,农机械、农药等措施的减少,降低了对农田土壤理化性状等的外来干扰,这对改善农田生态环境来说意义重大。(4)间作复合种植模式提高了各季及全年的经济效益和经济产投比。全年经济效益最高可达25067.7元/hm2,比对照提高了18.97%。综合以上结果,从改善农田生态、提高资源循环利用效率与提高经济效益等方面整体评价,禾豆间作复合种植模式可以作为传统麦玉连作的替代模式之一。

According to the fixed position experiment, the eco-economy of different intercropping patterns was studied in one year. The results indicated that： （1） The economical yield and the biomass yield of different intercropping patterns were higher than CK. （2） The land equivalent ratio of different intercropping patterns was higher than mono-cropping pattern, because of the legumes and cereals intercropped, and the land utilization efficiency increased by from 4.0% to7.0%. （3） The pesticide, chemical fertilizer and agricultural mechanical inputs of different intercropping patterns were reduced, which was important to improve the farmland ecological environment. （4） The benefits and the ratio of economical output to input of the different intercropping patterns were improved much more than CK. The annual economical benefit was raised to 25067.7 yuan per hectare, and increased by 18.97% at most. We concluded that the intercropping pattern was the optimum substitution pattern to adjust the planting structure and to improve the farmland ecological environment.