利用小麦×玉米诱导小麦单倍体形成的研究

The Study of the Formation of Wheat Haploid Induced from the Wheat and Maize Hybrid

利用小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）与玉米（Zea mays L.）进行远缘杂交,是获得小麦单倍体的一条重要途径,也是获得双单倍体（Double haploid,DH）植株、构建小麦遗传群体的重要途径之一。为创建小麦抗吸浆虫DH群体,在温室条件下对5个小麦抗、感吸浆虫杂交组合进行了单倍体诱导试验。结果表明：小麦不同基因型对诱导单倍体胚形成有较大影响;小麦授粉后适宜的2,4-D点药时间为6-36h;适宜的2,4-D药液为10-30mg/L;授粉后适宜的剥胚培养时间为14-16天,授粉后茎秆离体培养有较好的诱导效果,培养温度以20~25℃为宜。提出了在温室条件下高效诱导小麦单倍体植株的方法及条件。

Distant hybridization based on the use of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） and maize （Zea mays L.） is an important way of obtaining the haploid wheat. It is the double haploid plants are received and a high efficiency way to heredity population of wheat. This was used to construct the resistant midge DH population of wheat, in the greenhouse in the experiment of 5 groups of Resistance, susceptible wheat midge hybrid in order to induce the formation of the wheat haploid. Turns out： different types of genes have much influence on inducing the formation of wheat haploid; the suitable time to the pollinated wheat is 6-36 hours; the suitable amount of 2, 4-D drug is 10-30 mg/L; The appropriate time for stripping embryo culture is 14-16 days. The stem has the good inducement effect under the isolated culture condition after the pollination. The appropriate temperature is 20-25 ℃. Methods and conditions for inducing the wheat haploid plants in a greenhouse are given in this study.