外来入侵植物飞机草的生物学特性及控制策略

Biological Characteristics and Control Strategies of Alien Invasive Plant Eupatorium odoratum

飞机草Eupatorium odoratum,菊科Compositae泽兰属Eupatorium植物,原产于南美,现广泛扩散到美洲、非洲和亚洲等地,成为一种世界性的外来入侵杂草,严重威胁当地的生物多样性、农业生产和生态安全。1934年,飞机草在云南和海南尖峰山被首次发现,现正在中国南部地区迅速扩散。此文对飞机草的生物学特性、入侵机制、造成的危害、开发利用以及控制策略等方面进行了较为系统的介绍,并指出今后需要加强研究的内容领域:(1)飞机草入侵的本底调查与扩散预测;(2)飞机草的入侵过程、机制与影响因素;(3)飞机草的入侵效应与风险评估;(4)飞机草的科学管理与控制。

Eupatorium ocloratum is a long-lived perennial plant of Eupatorium, Compositae family, native to South America. It has been bringing about some serious threats to biodiversity, agricultural production and ecological security in the regions where they have invaded and regarded as a global invasive alien weed from tropical to subtropical areas, including America, Africa and Asia. Eupatorium odoratum was first discovered in Yunnan and Hainan provinces in 1934, and now it is spreading rapidly in China, especially in southern China. This paper presented a detailed account of this species in relation to its invasion ecology, such as biological characteristics, invasive mechanisms, harms, utilizations and control strategies. Based on the current research progresses, some important study fields on the ecology and sustainable utilization of Eupatorium odoratum may focus on the following aspects in the future, including： （1）its comprehensive survey and diffusion prediction of invasion; （2）invasive process and its interaction mechanisms; （3）invasive effects and risk assessment; （4） scientific management and control countermeasures.