栖霞山风景胜迹保护问题

DISCUSSION ON MINE EXPLOITATION AND PROTECTION OF LANDSCAPES AND FAMOUS HISTORICAL SITES

作者通过栖霞山锰铅锌矿的开采过程,论述了矿山开采与环境保护的关系。重点分析了铅锌矿开采对明镜湖塌陷的人为影响因素,并提出了环境保护的对策。

For many years,the mining production of manganese oxide and lead,zinc ores in Qixiashan affacted the landscapes and famous historical sites.The ground collapse in some areas and destru- ction of some natural landscapes and famous sites have been caused by the exploitation of mange- nese oxide ores.Some relic lanes and holes left over by exploitation can be collapsed again.Howe- ver,these collapses have been at a relatively stable stage after several decades evolution. The collapse of Mingjin lake,located in the bottom plate of lead,zinc orebodies is a indirect cause of exploitation.The drainage and unwatering of mine affect the lake base.Therefore.the co- llapse of Mingjin lake is considered as a combined actions of both the mechanism of natural evolu- tion and artificial influence:1.the natural evolution means that the limestone with many karst cav- es composed the bedrock of the Mingjin lake is a main reason of collapse.The earth bed is eleven metres thick and characterized by loose structure,low content of clay minerals and is easily scou- red and collapsed.Therefore,the stall-a old building in central of lake,was destroied by collapse. 2.the artificial influence i.e.because of long term drainage and unwatering of shafts to the lake and mud elimination from the lake bottom,a lot of bad results have been caused,such as,the increas- ed motion velocity and piping and transport abilities of ground water,the destroied aquifuge and the leak of water along cracks in the lake。 The principles to protect envirnoment should be as follows: 1.to select a available and advanced mining method to effectively control the top and side wa- llrock in pit; 2.to utilize a advanced domestic and foreign blast method to stabilize the top plate of orebodies; 3.to improve drilling means to decrease explosive quantity; 4.to harness the surface and ground water to prevent from or decrease surface water going into pit.