北京游憩土地的配置与管理对策研究--基于国际视角

SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ALLOCATION AND MANAGEMENT OF RECREATIONAL LAND IN BEIJING CITY——A Perspective Based on Hong Kong and Singapore as Cases

通过整理有关游憩土地的政策法规和管理条例,分析了香港和新加坡两个世界著名宜居城市游憩土地的规划原则、管理体制和游憩活动开展,指出北京等国内城市的公共性游憩土地配置方式是采用风景名胜区、森林公园、自然保护区和市民公园等形式。文章将北京与香港、新加坡的游憩土地配置相比较,从土地管理、需求指标、项目开展和游憩土地的公众性四个方面提出了北京等国内城市游憩土地配置管理的不足以及改进方向,提出北京应建立游憩用地的统一管理机构,健全公众参与与公平进入的保障措施,开发丰富多彩的游憩活动以及努力将非建设用地转换成游憩空间的四项优化对策。

The allocation of recreational land （RL）is essential for living environment, and the tourism land area is hard to fulfill the recreational needs of the residents. The solution of the recreational land loss is the core issue in Beijing. So the experience ofHong Kong and Singapore are worth being researched on. Based on the analysis of the laws and regulations about the management of RL in Singapore and Hong Kong, the paper finds out their features of planning, allocation and menagement of RL, and holds that city planning is an influencing factor for RL allocation. National Park Board supervises 314 parks covering 14 % of national land in Singapore and supplying recreational activities. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department control 23 county ＆ marine parks, occupying over 80 % of Hong Kong＇s land. But in Beijing, different types of RL are supervised by several organizations, and as a result, RL is short of scientific management and planning. The paper also argues that the communal RL consists of national parks, forest parks, nature reserves and public parks. Meanwhile, several suggestions on the allocation and management of RL in Beijing are proposed as follows： 1） building up national park management systems; 2） extending the area of RL; 3） providing activities which people like and opening RL for every citizen. The new park commission must hold the power of RL planning and park lawmaking, and supervises the main types of RL. As important parts of RL, natural lands such as forest, farm land should be protected. Walking route, kite flying space, bicycle trail, and some types which can fulfill the local residents＇ needs are important. RL should be open for all residents to use fairly, so Golf and some top grade villas can not be built within certain distance.