氨基酸类神经递质在帕金森病发病机制中作用的研究进展

Progresses about Role of Amino Acid Neurotransmitters in Pathogenesis of Parkinson′s Disease

帕金森病（PD）是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,其病理生理改变是黑质-纹状体通路的多巴胺（DA）能神经元变性、死亡而导致纹状体DA含量减少。但其确切机制目前并未阐明。近年来研究发现,纹状体内DA的缺失并不是PD的惟一病理基础,脑内其他神经递质如谷氨酸（G lu）、天冬氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和甘氨酸这4种氨基酸类神经递质也可能参与PD的发病过程。其中,兴奋性氨基酸,尤其是G lu递质与PD的发生和发展的相关性研究已经成为近年来国际学术界研究的一个前沿课题。这些研究为PD的治疗指明了新方向。本文就它们在PD发病机制中所起作用的研究予以综述。

Parkinson＇s disease（PD） is a frequent neurodegenerative disease. The pathophysiologic changes of PD is the degeneration and death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. -striatum pathway which induce a reduction of dopamine（DA）. However, the precise mechanisms has not been illuminated till now. The studies of recent years show that the depletion of DA in stfiatum is not the only pathologic basis and there is a particpation of other neurotransmitters like the four kinds of amino acids neurotransmitters of glutamate （ Glu ）, aspartate（Asp） ,gamma-aminobutyric acid（GABA） and glycine（Gly） in brain. Among these studies,the association between excitatory amino acids, especially the transmitter Glu, and the genesis and evolution of PD has be- come a advancing front topic. These studies indicate a new trend for the therapy of PD. This article will give a review on the role of the four kinds of amino acids neurotransmitters in the pathogenesis of PD.