中国西南马群体遗传资源特征分析

Analysis on Genetic Resource Characteristics of Southwest Horse Population in China

为了摸清西南马遗传资源现状与特征,通过实地调查、网络分析及SPSS等数据处理得出如下结论:2006年西南马存栏291.1万匹,占全国总数40.46%,可能已经成为我国第一大生态类型马种;大理马、乌蒙马、文山马、百色马、建昌马、贵州马等西南马地方马种体尺结构由南向北、由东向西表现出逐渐偏重的趋势;西南马体尺结构紧凑,近似方形,以公马为例,体高、体长、胸围和管围分别为(115.19±7.10)cm、(114.11±8.29)cm(、132.22±9.94)cm和(15.17±1.15)cm;非密度制约因子如年无霜期、降水量、日照时数和平均气温等自然因素均与中国西南马体高呈强相关,对不同类群马的形成可能起主导作用。影响马存栏数量的影响因子主要有人均农机、人口密度、辖区比重等。

For the purpose of making certain the genetic resources and characteristics of Southwest horse, by means of local investigation, network technology and SPSS, I come to the conclution below ： The amount of Southwest horse on hand is 2.911 millions, the percentage in our country is 40.46 % ; The body size of Dali horse, Wumeng horse, Wenshan horse, Baise horse, Jianchang horse and Guizhou horse being differentiated from Southwest horse enlarge gradually from south to north and east to west; The physical structure of Southwest horse is compact and square approximatively. To take male horse for an example, its height, length, circumference and circumference of cannon bone respectively was （ 115.19 ±7.10） cm, （ 114.11 ±8.29） cm, （ 132.22 ± 9.94） cm and （ 15.17 ±1.15） em. The density-independent factors were taken into account and annual frost-free period, precipitation, sunshine hours, the average temperature have powerful effect to physical measure of Southwest horse, such as heightatwithers, they might play a leading role in the formation of different ecotype horses. The main factors of influencing the abundance distribution were agficuhural machinery per capita, population density, administrative district ratio, and so on.