室内外细粒子PM2.5和总悬浮颗粒物污染水平的对比研究

Pollution Levels of Indoor/Outdoor Particulate Matter PM2.5 and Total Suspended Particulate Matters

为了解室内外空气颗粒物PM2.5和总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）的污染状况，自2008年3月24日～4月3日在西安交通大学学生办公室、教师办公室、化学实验室和室外同时采集PMz5和TSP样品，对其质量浓度及无机水溶性离子组分（Na^＋、NH4^＋、K^＋、Mg^2＋、Ca^2＋、Cl^-、NO3^-和SO4^2-）进行了分析。结果表明，室内外PMz5和TSP浓度都远远高于美国空气质量标准规定的35μg/m^3。室内外颗粒物浓度具有相同的变化趋势，且室内总体上低于室外。室内PM2.5在TSP中所占比例在65％～85％，室外在40％左右。室内外TSP和PM25中二次污染离子SO4^2-、NO3^-和NH4^＋占总离子质量的50％以上，主要富集在细颗粒中。NH4^＋、K^＋＋和Cl^-在总离子中的比例均为室内大于室外，PM2.5中大于TSP。Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋主要富集在粗颗粒上，室外含量远远高于室内。

The airborne particles PM2.5 and total suspended particulate （TSP） samples were simultaneously collected from 24th March to 3rd April 2008, in three different rooms and outdoor to investigate the pollution levels between indoor and outdoor particulate matters. Mass concentration and inorganic water-soluble ions （Na^＋,NH4^＋,K^＋,Mg^2＋,Ca^2＋, Cl^-, NOr and SO4^2-） were analyzed for all samples. It showed that both of PM2.5 and TSP mass concentrations were much higher than 35 μg/m3 of daily US PM2.5 air quality standards. Indoor and outdoor particulate concentrations had a similar variation trend and indoor concentrations were lower than those of outdoor. Indoor PM2.5 occupied to 65% ~85% of indoor TSP, while it was about 40% for outdoor samples.The secondary pollution ions of NH4^＋,NO3^- and SO4%2- were the most abundant components in the indoor/outdoor particulate matters in comparison with other ionic species. The proportions of NH4^＋,K^＋ and Cl^- in total ions mass in indoor were all higher than those of outdoor both in TSP and PM2.5. While Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋ were more abtmdant in outdoor TSP.