中西文化对自然保护区解说系统设计的影响

A Comparison Study of Design of Interpretive System of the Protected Areas from Cross Cultural Perspective

解说系统是国外自然保护地的保护与管理手段。国内外解说系统的设计理念、内容和过程的比较,对于提高我国解说系统的有效性具有很重要的启示意义。本文采用定性研究中的观察法与访谈法,以我国著名风景名胜区鼎湖山、世界地质公园丹霞山和德国北海浅滩国家公园为案例,比较研究三个案例解说系统设计的现状、设计过程和特点,并探讨了其差异原因。研究表明解说系统虽然被引入到中国自然保护区、世界地质公园,但受文化影响,解说系统的形式和内容都发生了变化,由于缺少对这种变化必要性的认识和研究,解说系统的有效性较低。中西方文化差异是研究与实践自然保护地解说系统的重要纬度。

Understanding the principles and functions of interpretation design is very important to the interpretative system planning and design. Based on cases study of MT. Danxiashan and MT. Dinghushan nature reserves in China and Wattenmeer National park in Germany, this paper analyzes the present situations,characters and processes of the design by observation method and interviewing method. The result shows that although the interpretation system was introduced to Chinese nature areas from western countries, the performances and content of the interpretation system in China was changed mainly because of different cultural context. Considering the cultural differences offers new thoughts for the research and construction of interpretation system.