腾格里沙漠周边地区45年气候变化分析

Analysis on Climate Variability of Tenggeli Desert Surrounding Area in Recent 45 Years

利用腾格里沙漠腹地头道湖气象站1962—2006年的气候资料,腾格里沙漠腹地45年气候的变化异常,平均气温升温达到1.3℃、5cm平均地温升温达到3.3℃;近10年平均蒸发量较20年前增加了284mm;冻土年极值最大变幅为63cm;天然草场0～50cm土壤出现严重干旱,致使牧草退化十分迅速,这一现象已经引起有关部门高度重视,许多地方近年来采取了退牧还草、禁牧等一系列恢复措施。

This article analyzed the climatic data of Toudaohu weather station which is in Tenggeli desert hinterland from 1962 to 2006, the conclusions are as follows： climate change of Tenggeli desert hinterland is abnormal in recent 45 years, mean temperature was rising 1.3℃, mean ground temperature of 5cm was rising 3.3℃, mean evaporation in recent ten years increased 284mm comparing with twenty years ago, the annual extreme biggest changeable range of frozen soil depth is 63cm, the soil of 0-50cm in natural pasture is serious drought. Therefore, grassland degradation got rapid, the phenomenon have caught relevant department＇s high attention, a series of recovery measures of returning cropping land to forage land and banning grazing were adopted in recent years in many places.