主谓结构与主述结构

Subject-Verb &Topic-Comment Structures

英汉两种语言属于不同类型的语言。英语是主语突显的语言,而汉语则是主题突显的语言。这是由于在各民族的历史长河中,原始语结的分化方式不同所造成的。就英汉翻译而言,英汉词序的相似性有时可以将汉语的主题句直接转换成典型的英语主谓(宾)结构,而在多数情况下,汉语主题句的翻译需要局部甚至全部改变原有句子结构才能完整精确地译出原句要表达的意思。根据这一指导原则,本文总结出了翻译汉语主题句的三条基本方法,即对应法、结构转换法和和语义翻译法。

English is subjeet-prominent language, whereas Chinese is topic-prominent one. The reason is that the original language-models splitted into different ways in their respective history. As far as Chinese-English translation is concerned, the apparent similarity in word order sometimes makes it possible to transform a Chinese topic sentence into a typical English SV（O） sentence. But, in most cases, translation of such sentences involves partial transformation or even complete reorganization of the structure so as to fully express the intended meaning of the original sentence. Accordingly, this paper, based on many examples, summarizes three major translating methods, namely corresponding method, structural transformation and semantic translation, aiming at facilitating translation of the Chinese topic sentence.