明清社会贞节观念的强化及其实践——以明清徽州为中心的考察

Chastity Idea's Strengthening in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and Its Practices——Taking the Ming and Qing Dynasties Huizhou as the Inspecting Center

在人类历史上,贞节观念有一个从无到有的形成与发展过程。自周以来,节妇烈女的绝对数呈增长趋势,宋代是个明显的界限,节烈妇女人数陡然增加,至明清而达到极致。明清社会,程朱理学居于主流意识形态地位,女性贞节观教育不断加强,女性节烈楷模产生广泛的示范效应。明清徽州,贞节观念正是通过以上诸种途径不断被加以强化,并得以普遍的实践。

In history, the chastity idea developed from nothing. Since the Zhou Dynasty, the absolute quantity of chastity and martyr women had grown unceasingly, with the Song Dynasty as an obvious boundary, the number of chastity and martyr women in the Song Dynasty increased suddenly and that number reached the acme in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism resided in the mainstream ideology status, the feminine chastity view education was enhanced unceasingly, and the feminine chastity model had the widespread demonstration effect. Through various ways, the chastity idea was strengthened unceasingly and practiced universally in Huizhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties＇.